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التعليقات (4)
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Ultra Brief History of Terrorism
The history of terrorism dates from the century before the common era. One of the earliest accounts of terrorism was carried out by religious fanatics two millennia ago. Terrorism was practiced by a Jewish Sect who called themselves Zealots in CE 66-73. The Zealots (sicari) were ruthless and dramatic. They relied on daggers, but effectively called attention to their cause nonetheless. They employed very public acts of murder of Roman legionnaires or Jewish citizens they considered guilty of apostasy or betrayal. When the Zealots captured the Roman held fortress Masada and massacred the garrison in CE 66, they essentially sealed their own fate. In CE 73 the Romans, under Titus, besieged to the fortress. Just before the end, the remaining Zealots, except for two women and five children, committed mass suicide.
Remarkably, the Zealots took lessons from the Romans and the Punic Wars with their chemical warfare by poisoning wells, granaries, and the water supply of Jerusalem. All this is very much the model for what is going on today, especially in the Middle East.
The Zealots had a singular effect on Jewish history. No longer could they call Jerusalem their home. From that point forward to modern times, the Jews survived in Diaspora. Middle Eastern memories are long however, they led to Palestine as it is today. See Zionism.
The Islamic Order of Assassins (word derives from hashashin, users of hashish) held sway from CE 1090 to CE 1272 in what is now Syria and Iran. They were a radical offshoot of the Muslim Shi'a Ismaili sect who fought the Christian Crusaders. Banishing the so-called Christians was one motive; another was the promise that should the terrorist perish during an attack, he would immediately ascend to a glorious heaven. History once again is repeating this promise.
Both the Zealots and Assassins are legendary and many of their techniques and motivations are evident today. Both were motivated more by religious than by secular causes. Both employed suicide terrorism.
Maximilien Robespierre, during the French Revolution, was first to codify "terror" as the systematic use of violence to attain political ends. The reign of terror by his ruling Jacobins claimed thousands of victims without regard to gender, age, or state of health. State sponsored terror in France came to an end in 1794 with Robespierre's fall from power.
Religious ritual murder was practiced in India by a Hindu sect called Thugs (Thuggee) for some 200 years before finally being suppressed in the 1830s. Their acts of random ambush and murder were designed to serve Kali, the Hindu Goddess of terror, destruction, and death. Their main motive however was plunder and occasionally revenge. They comprised both Muslims and Hindus, sometimes in the same gang. They were basically land-based pirates.
State sponsored terror in the 20th Century was practiced in Russia (Lenin), Germany (Hitler), Cambodia (Pol Pot), Uganda (Amin), and Iran (Khomeini).
The classical terrorist of the 19th century assassinated kings and other prominent people with power. By the early 20th Century, middle class people were routine targets. Today, terrorism is indiscriminate as that policy evokes more mass hysteria than earlier modes did. Since the mid 20th Century, terrorism has become increasingly religious in origin and motivation. The level of violence also escalated dramatically, culminating in 9/11.
See: "No End To War" by Walter Liqueur for a definitive perspective on terrorism.
See also: 20th Century Terrorism — Jay Robert Nash, author of over twenty books, is also an entrepreneurial businessman, writer of Spies, Bloodletters & Bad men, and the six-volume Encyclopedia of World Crime
Ultra Brief History of Terrorism
The history of terrorism dates from the century before the common era. One of the earliest accounts of terrorism was carried out by religious fanatics two millennia ago. Terrorism was practiced by a Jewish Sect who called themselves Zealots in CE 66-73. The Zealots (sicari) were ruthless and dramatic. They relied on daggers, but effectively called attention to their cause nonetheless. They employed very public acts of murder of Roman legionnaires or Jewish citizens they considered guilty of apostasy or betrayal. When the Zealots captured the Roman held fortress Masada and massacred the garrison in CE 66, they essentially sealed their own fate. In CE 73 the Romans, under Titus, besieged to the fortress. Just before the end, the remaining Zealots, except for two women and five children, committed mass suicide.
Remarkably, the Zealots took lessons from the Romans and the Punic Wars with their chemical warfare by poisoning wells, granaries, and the water supply of Jerusalem. All this is very much the model for what is going on today, especially in the Middle East.
The Zealots had a singular effect on Jewish history. No longer could they call Jerusalem their home. From that point forward to modern times, the Jews survived in Diaspora. Middle Eastern memories are long however, they led to Palestine as it is today. See Zionism.
The Islamic Order of Assassins (word derives from hashashin, users of hashish) held sway from CE 1090 to CE 1272 in what is now Syria and Iran. They were a radical offshoot of the Muslim Shi'a Ismaili sect who fought the Christian Crusaders. Banishing the so-called Christians was one motive; another was the promise that should the terrorist perish during an attack, he would immediately ascend to a glorious heaven. History once again is repeating this promise.
Both the Zealots and Assassins are legendary and many of their techniques and motivations are evident today. Both were motivated more by religious than by secular causes. Both employed suicide terrorism.
Maximilien Robespierre, during the French Revolution, was first to codify "terror" as the systematic use of violence to attain political ends. The reign of terror by his ruling Jacobins claimed thousands of victims without regard to gender, age, or state of health. State sponsored terror in France came to an end in 1794 with Robespierre's fall from power.
Religious ritual murder was practiced in India by a Hindu sect called Thugs (Thuggee) for some 200 years before finally being suppressed in the 1830s. Their acts of random ambush and murder were designed to serve Kali, the Hindu Goddess of terror, destruction, and death. Their main motive however was plunder and occasionally revenge. They comprised both Muslims and Hindus, sometimes in the same gang. They were basically land-based pirates.
State sponsored terror in the 20th Century was practiced in Russia (Lenin), Germany (Hitler), Cambodia (Pol Pot), Uganda (Amin), and Iran (Khomeini).
The classical terrorist of the 19th century assassinated kings and other prominent people with power. By the early 20th Century, middle class people were routine targets. Today, terrorism is indiscriminate as that policy evokes more mass hysteria than earlier modes did. Since the mid 20th Century, terrorism has become increasingly religious in origin and motivation. The level of violence also escalated dramatically, culminating in 9/11.
See: "No End To War" by Walter Liqueur for a definitive perspective on terrorism.
See also: 20th Century Terrorism — Jay Robert Nash, author of over twenty books, is also an entrepreneurial businessman, writer of Spies, Bloodletters & Bad men, and the six-volume Encyclopedia of World Crime
Terror Scope
Terror has always embraced multiple spheres, religious, secular, economic and special interests. Jihad movements of recent history have sent religious terrorism to historic highs. Al Qa'ida and especially 9/11, have provided a blueprint that bodes ill for humanity. That blueprint was responsible for the Casablanca, Madrid, and London attacks among others. These were the works of locally inspired and organized cells. There was no wide-area network, only private communications.
This feature alone makes it all the more imperative that we understand the radicalization process and do something specifically about that. The picture is vastly more complex than any public organ has so far admitted, even if they do have the insight. The Adminstration so far has shown no evidence that it has any grasp at all of the most basic features that radicalize individuals and societies. The most prominent example is the use of the military in Iraq which has served primarily to motivate several groups into escalated terrorism. Al Qa'ida gained leverage for radicalizing Islamic youth they did not have before. And it is remote; no need to call home. In this context, the Administration's eavesdropping on American citizens calling overseas becomes laughable -- if it weren't such a tragic step, however small, toward tyranny.
Terrorism as a word or concept has no clear definition that all societies can agree on, but we each know what we mean by the word. Terrorism is most of all an extreme form of intimidation, a means to leverage fear. We will use the following definitions and purposes on this page:
Terrorism, noun—use of terror and violence to intimidate and subjugate, especially as a political weapon or policy.
Terrorism in action grabs attention and is perpetrated by one person or group upon another person or group.
One primary purpose is to instill terror in the targeted person or people. Another purpose is to gain political and/or religious power.
One of the earliest accounts of terrorism was carried out by religious fanatics two millennia ago. Terrorism was practiced by a Jewish Sect who called themselves Zealots in CE 66-73. The Zealots (sicari) were ruthless and dramatic. They relied on daggers, but effectively called attention to their cause nonetheless. They employed very public acts of murder of Roman legionnaires or Jewish citizens they considered guilty of apostasy or betrayal. Remarkably, the Zealots took lessons from the Romans and the Punic Wars with their chemical warfare by poisoning wells, granaries, and the water supply of Jerusalem. All this is very much the model for what is going on today, especially in the Middle East.
The Assassins (hashahsin) held sway from CE 1090 to CE 1272 in what is now Syria and Iran. They were a radical offshoot of the Muslim Shi'a Ismaili sect who fought the Christian Crusaders. Banishing the so-called Christians was one motive; another was the promise that should the terrorist perish during an attack, he would immediately ascend to a glorious heaven. History once again is repeating this promise.
Both the Zealots and Assassins are legendary and many of their techniques and motivations are evident today. Both were motivated more by religious than by secular causes.
Maximilien Robespierre, during the French Revolution, was first to codify "terror" as the systematic use of violence to attain political ends. The reign of terror by his ruling Jacobins claimed thousands of victims without regard to gender, age, or state of health. State sponsored terror in France to and in 1794 with Robespierre's fall from power.
Religious ritual murder was practiced in India by a Hindu sect called Thugs (Thuggee) for some 200 years before finally being suppressed in the 1830s. Their acts of random ambush and murder were designed to serve Kali, the Hindu Goddess of terror, destruction, and death. Their motive however was plunder and occasionally revenge. They comprised both Muslims and Hindus, sometimes in the same gang. They were basically land-based pirates.
State sponsored terror (read genocide) in the 20th Century was practiced in Russia (Lenin & Stalin), Germany (Hitler), Cambodia (Pol Pot), Uganda (Amin), Rwanda (Bisengimana) and Iran (Khomeini).
Until the 19th Century, religion provided the most common "justification" for terrorism. As the 20th Century dawned, the political changes in ****pe and the rise of radical thinkers espousing new secular economic systems gave rise to politically motivated terrorism. This transformation was encouraged by the anti-colonialist/national liberation movements. Radical groups embraced Marxist ideologies and the idea that all existing social institutions had to be destroyed to make way for the new. This event also helped cloak terrorism in a political format. The Gulag was perhaps the epitome.
After the Second World War, National Liberation Fronts in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East challenged Western rule. Much of the terror had become, or soon would be, international in character. The ****pean empires collapsed.
In 1968, terrorism was primarily secular; in none of the eleven known international terrorist groups was religion the primary motivation.
By 1980, terror had become the "in thing". Eleven international terrorist groups had expanded to 64. Two were classified as being driven by Islam: the Iran-supported Shi'a organization's al-Dawa and the Committee for Safeguarding the Islamic Revolution.
The 1990s have a bloody history, especially in the Middle East and Africa. By 1992, two islamic-religion-based terror groups had become eleven who also found other major religions and sects as sponsors. The ethno/separatist terrorist groups declined in number. In 1995 nearly half of the fifty-six known international terrorist groups were religious in character and motivation.
1992 — Algerian Islamic extremists claimed a reported 75,000 lives in their own homeland in just five years.
1993 —Bombay India suffered thirteen near-simultaneous truck bombings that killed 400 in reprisal for the destruction of an Islamic shrine.
1993 — An Islamic radical bombed the World Trade Center, an omen of things to come.
1994 — Islamic terrorists from the Algerian Armed Islamic Group hijacked and plotted—unsuccessfully—to blow up an AirFrance passenger jet over Paris.
1995 — A four-month wave of bombing by Algerian Armed Islamic Group claimed eight lives and left 180 injured.
1995 — Timothy McVeigh and an accomplice blew up an Oklahoma City federal office building killing 168. They were reported to have had ties with the Christian Patriots seeking to foment a national revolution.
1995 — Israeli extremist Baruch Goldstein killed 31 Muslim men in prayer at the Cave of the Patriarchs.
1995 — Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by a Jewish religious extremist in an attempt to disrupt the peace process.
1995 — Tokyo subway suffers sarin nerve gas assault by Japanese religious cult; 12 are killed and 3,796 are injured.
1996 — US Air Force barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, blown up by religious militants opposed to the rulers of Saudi Arabia killing 19.
1996 — A string of Hamas suicide bombers kills 60 and turns the tide of the Israeli elections.
1996 — Islamic militants kill eighteen tourists outside their Cairo hotel.
See Terror Groups for further listings. See Monotheism and Violence for the religious angle.
^^^^^^^^
2001 — Al Qaida group of nineteen terrorists hijack four passenger airliners and crash two of them into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, crash one into the Pentagon, and lose the other to a passenger revolt over Pennsylvania that killed everyone on board.
Since Osama bin Laden has declared a Jihad (religious war) against the United States, there is no point in calling it anything else. In fact, the current wave of terror has its roots in conflicts over the ages between Islam and the infidels (non-Muslims). For a half millennium, the tide has been against Islam. Those conflicts were not all-embracing of believers. They were led by fringe extremists on both sides.
It goes against the grain to think that one sect would want to void the religious freedom of another, but such is history. That might be said of other freedoms as well. Until recently, we in the United States preferred to celebrate our individual differences rather than fight over them. But we still harbor pockets of bigotry and they are now in ascendance. That will remain the case until the American public has the realization and finds the fortitude to do something about it. Meanwhile, having effectively repealed the Fourth Amendment, our home-grown extremists are hot after doing away with the First Amendment as well. Nevermind that it is the First Amendment that has provided and still provides our liberty and freedoms. Lest we forget, Germany's transition to the Third Reich occurred in just this way.
.
Terror has always embraced multiple spheres, religious, secular, economic and special interests. Jihad movements of recent history have sent religious terrorism to historic highs. Al Qa'ida and especially 9/11, have provided a blueprint that bodes ill for humanity. That blueprint was responsible for the Casablanca, Madrid, and London attacks among others. These were the works of locally inspired and organized cells. There was no wide-area network, only private communications.
This feature alone makes it all the more imperative that we understand the radicalization process and do something specifically about that. The picture is vastly more complex than any public organ has so far admitted, even if they do have the insight. The Adminstration so far has shown no evidence that it has any grasp at all of the most basic features that radicalize individuals and societies. The most prominent example is the use of the military in Iraq which has served primarily to motivate several groups into escalated terrorism. Al Qa'ida gained leverage for radicalizing Islamic youth they did not have before. And it is remote; no need to call home. In this context, the Administration's eavesdropping on American citizens calling overseas becomes laughable -- if it weren't such a tragic step, however small, toward tyranny.
Terrorism as a word or concept has no clear definition that all societies can agree on, but we each know what we mean by the word. Terrorism is most of all an extreme form of intimidation, a means to leverage fear. We will use the following definitions and purposes on this page:
Terrorism, noun—use of terror and violence to intimidate and subjugate, especially as a political weapon or policy.
Terrorism in action grabs attention and is perpetrated by one person or group upon another person or group.
One primary purpose is to instill terror in the targeted person or people. Another purpose is to gain political and/or religious power.
One of the earliest accounts of terrorism was carried out by religious fanatics two millennia ago. Terrorism was practiced by a Jewish Sect who called themselves Zealots in CE 66-73. The Zealots (sicari) were ruthless and dramatic. They relied on daggers, but effectively called attention to their cause nonetheless. They employed very public acts of murder of Roman legionnaires or Jewish citizens they considered guilty of apostasy or betrayal. Remarkably, the Zealots took lessons from the Romans and the Punic Wars with their chemical warfare by poisoning wells, granaries, and the water supply of Jerusalem. All this is very much the model for what is going on today, especially in the Middle East.
The Assassins (hashahsin) held sway from CE 1090 to CE 1272 in what is now Syria and Iran. They were a radical offshoot of the Muslim Shi'a Ismaili sect who fought the Christian Crusaders. Banishing the so-called Christians was one motive; another was the promise that should the terrorist perish during an attack, he would immediately ascend to a glorious heaven. History once again is repeating this promise.
Both the Zealots and Assassins are legendary and many of their techniques and motivations are evident today. Both were motivated more by religious than by secular causes.
Maximilien Robespierre, during the French Revolution, was first to codify "terror" as the systematic use of violence to attain political ends. The reign of terror by his ruling Jacobins claimed thousands of victims without regard to gender, age, or state of health. State sponsored terror in France to and in 1794 with Robespierre's fall from power.
Religious ritual murder was practiced in India by a Hindu sect called Thugs (Thuggee) for some 200 years before finally being suppressed in the 1830s. Their acts of random ambush and murder were designed to serve Kali, the Hindu Goddess of terror, destruction, and death. Their motive however was plunder and occasionally revenge. They comprised both Muslims and Hindus, sometimes in the same gang. They were basically land-based pirates.
State sponsored terror (read genocide) in the 20th Century was practiced in Russia (Lenin & Stalin), Germany (Hitler), Cambodia (Pol Pot), Uganda (Amin), Rwanda (Bisengimana) and Iran (Khomeini).
Until the 19th Century, religion provided the most common "justification" for terrorism. As the 20th Century dawned, the political changes in ****pe and the rise of radical thinkers espousing new secular economic systems gave rise to politically motivated terrorism. This transformation was encouraged by the anti-colonialist/national liberation movements. Radical groups embraced Marxist ideologies and the idea that all existing social institutions had to be destroyed to make way for the new. This event also helped cloak terrorism in a political format. The Gulag was perhaps the epitome.
After the Second World War, National Liberation Fronts in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East challenged Western rule. Much of the terror had become, or soon would be, international in character. The ****pean empires collapsed.
In 1968, terrorism was primarily secular; in none of the eleven known international terrorist groups was religion the primary motivation.
By 1980, terror had become the "in thing". Eleven international terrorist groups had expanded to 64. Two were classified as being driven by Islam: the Iran-supported Shi'a organization's al-Dawa and the Committee for Safeguarding the Islamic Revolution.
The 1990s have a bloody history, especially in the Middle East and Africa. By 1992, two islamic-religion-based terror groups had become eleven who also found other major religions and sects as sponsors. The ethno/separatist terrorist groups declined in number. In 1995 nearly half of the fifty-six known international terrorist groups were religious in character and motivation.
1992 — Algerian Islamic extremists claimed a reported 75,000 lives in their own homeland in just five years.
1993 —Bombay India suffered thirteen near-simultaneous truck bombings that killed 400 in reprisal for the destruction of an Islamic shrine.
1993 — An Islamic radical bombed the World Trade Center, an omen of things to come.
1994 — Islamic terrorists from the Algerian Armed Islamic Group hijacked and plotted—unsuccessfully—to blow up an AirFrance passenger jet over Paris.
1995 — A four-month wave of bombing by Algerian Armed Islamic Group claimed eight lives and left 180 injured.
1995 — Timothy McVeigh and an accomplice blew up an Oklahoma City federal office building killing 168. They were reported to have had ties with the Christian Patriots seeking to foment a national revolution.
1995 — Israeli extremist Baruch Goldstein killed 31 Muslim men in prayer at the Cave of the Patriarchs.
1995 — Yitzhak Rabin assassinated by a Jewish religious extremist in an attempt to disrupt the peace process.
1995 — Tokyo subway suffers sarin nerve gas assault by Japanese religious cult; 12 are killed and 3,796 are injured.
1996 — US Air Force barracks in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, blown up by religious militants opposed to the rulers of Saudi Arabia killing 19.
1996 — A string of Hamas suicide bombers kills 60 and turns the tide of the Israeli elections.
1996 — Islamic militants kill eighteen tourists outside their Cairo hotel.
See Terror Groups for further listings. See Monotheism and Violence for the religious angle.
^^^^^^^^
2001 — Al Qaida group of nineteen terrorists hijack four passenger airliners and crash two of them into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York, crash one into the Pentagon, and lose the other to a passenger revolt over Pennsylvania that killed everyone on board.
Since Osama bin Laden has declared a Jihad (religious war) against the United States, there is no point in calling it anything else. In fact, the current wave of terror has its roots in conflicts over the ages between Islam and the infidels (non-Muslims). For a half millennium, the tide has been against Islam. Those conflicts were not all-embracing of believers. They were led by fringe extremists on both sides.
It goes against the grain to think that one sect would want to void the religious freedom of another, but such is history. That might be said of other freedoms as well. Until recently, we in the United States preferred to celebrate our individual differences rather than fight over them. But we still harbor pockets of bigotry and they are now in ascendance. That will remain the case until the American public has the realization and finds the fortitude to do something about it. Meanwhile, having effectively repealed the Fourth Amendment, our home-grown extremists are hot after doing away with the First Amendment as well. Nevermind that it is the First Amendment that has provided and still provides our liberty and freedoms. Lest we forget, Germany's transition to the Third Reich occurred in just this way.
.
Psychological Aspects of Terror
And so it is today. Only the threat and the times differ. The irony is: what we do not know can hurt us. And the accomplished terrorist will be eager to teach us; indeed, he already has.
The bombing of the World Trade Center and its surroundings served notice that no one anywhere is completely safe from attack. The twin symbols of world trade supremacy were destroyed for the world to see on television.
One cannot know too much, but one can know too little.
Anthrax by mail proves that each of us is vulnerable biologically. During the three week period after 9/11, 22 people were infected with Anthrax. That only five died is a tribute to our "unprepared" medical community. Another perspective is that during that same period, some 2400 people died in traffic accidents. What magnified the bio-attack was the high profiles of the intended targets and the means of delivery.
Chemical terror in a Japanese subway showed that we are each in danger chemically as well.
In each bombing event, the eagerness of the media to report the news had one intended effect: scaring the wits out of readers and viewers. So there was plenty of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, to go around, especially among those who remained transfixed for hours watching the crashing towers and the Pentagon attack on TV.
We favor reporting, but we favor even more reporting in context. One context in each case was the profile; maximum effect was desired and maximum effect resulted.
Propaganda provides another means for disturbing one's morale and determination, but it is usually slow and subject to counter-propaganda—except when the main event is on TV. Then, the rumor mills begin churning and the effect can be more devastating than deliberate propaganda could ever be. The PTSD incidence after the WTC bombing is a case in point, where a fraction of the populace was traumatized. The most valid study of PTSD after 9/11 indicates that PTSD incidence tripled among those transfixed by the incident.
For those on the firing line, it is very different. An effect not foreseen by the terrorists was the readiness of Americans to fight back. Flight 93 was a dramatic example of how Americans (indeed all people) react in the face of danger. The WTC evacuation stories further attest to the cool courage people display in the face of danger. Citizens decide for themselves what their values and risks are, and they do so in the instant.
For the longer term, one effective means to minimize fear is education. One such perspective is to remember that terror kills far fewer people annually than do automobile accidents or preventable illnesses.
Gavin De Becker has written two books we recommend. His first, Gift of Fear, provides a commonsense blend of explanation, empathy, and reassurance regarding the individual criminal (read terrorist) threat. His second book, Fear Less, provides tons of practical reassuring advice in this age of terror. We paraphrase pieces of his second book here:
The most effective element of security on airplanes is low-tech—regular citizens, p19.
We have absorbed and accepted many dangers already, being shot or killed in traffic for example, after we do our best to avoid them. We can do it again with terrorism, p24.
Does it make sense to worry about things beyond our control, when it is the things we can control that are most likely to kill us? p47.
We are safer now than we were before 9/11. p51
Respect your intuition, it is telling you something, p5 & p53.
In responding to your intuition, look for the risk, not its absence. You want to know what has real terror potential, not what doesn't. No one can guarantee your safety, but only you can look for risks, p67.
Check the accuracy of information, it may be extraneous, out of context, and harmful—propaganda in effect, p109.
If you do encounter unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, take appropriate action, ch 7.
Be proactive in follow-up, p137-138.
Sort out the facts from the what-could-happens. Some politicians are particularly adept at using a "what-could-happen" to imply it surely will when in fact s/he actually has no clue, only an agenda, p144.
Focus on how to live, not on how to die, p154.
Remaining alert requires getting rest, p176.
If death is what you fear, then your perspective should be: drive carefully, eat a low-fat diet (predominantly vegetables, grains, nuts, and fruits) don't smoke, don't drink to excess, manage your weight, and exercise regularly, p 196.
(It also helps to form strong relationships with others.)
Children are a special concern; they are our present and our future, and they are impressionable. For more on how to talk to them, see: Talking to kids. Having little ready context, children are especially susceptible to dramatic news stories.
Developing perspective may be your best cognitive defense against psychological terror. Think about what is really happening in the context of all other happenings. Remember, you are multiples more likely to use what you know to help an accident victim or save yourself from assault than you are to encounter a direct terrorist threat. You are multiples more likely to be killed by an American criminal than you are by an Islamic terrorist. In either event you can be ready.
Another technique is to be your own person; think about the context of what you see or are told. What other sides or views might be possible? What is left unsaid? Remember too that most politicians are consummate propagandists; very very few show elements of statesmanship.
Finally, we live in an age of religious tension, especially among the three monotheistic systems. Each is being subverted. Becoming your own person may take some work. Being receptive helps. Engaging in Dialogue facilitates independent thinking.
Things you can do immediately may be found on our Counter Terror and Solutions pages. Our page on Hope provides some positive perspective for our lives and times. Read it carefully. Some of these can give you perspective and facilitate your response to an unexpected situation.
.
God bless you
.
And so it is today. Only the threat and the times differ. The irony is: what we do not know can hurt us. And the accomplished terrorist will be eager to teach us; indeed, he already has.
The bombing of the World Trade Center and its surroundings served notice that no one anywhere is completely safe from attack. The twin symbols of world trade supremacy were destroyed for the world to see on television.
One cannot know too much, but one can know too little.
Anthrax by mail proves that each of us is vulnerable biologically. During the three week period after 9/11, 22 people were infected with Anthrax. That only five died is a tribute to our "unprepared" medical community. Another perspective is that during that same period, some 2400 people died in traffic accidents. What magnified the bio-attack was the high profiles of the intended targets and the means of delivery.
Chemical terror in a Japanese subway showed that we are each in danger chemically as well.
In each bombing event, the eagerness of the media to report the news had one intended effect: scaring the wits out of readers and viewers. So there was plenty of post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD, to go around, especially among those who remained transfixed for hours watching the crashing towers and the Pentagon attack on TV.
We favor reporting, but we favor even more reporting in context. One context in each case was the profile; maximum effect was desired and maximum effect resulted.
Propaganda provides another means for disturbing one's morale and determination, but it is usually slow and subject to counter-propaganda—except when the main event is on TV. Then, the rumor mills begin churning and the effect can be more devastating than deliberate propaganda could ever be. The PTSD incidence after the WTC bombing is a case in point, where a fraction of the populace was traumatized. The most valid study of PTSD after 9/11 indicates that PTSD incidence tripled among those transfixed by the incident.
For those on the firing line, it is very different. An effect not foreseen by the terrorists was the readiness of Americans to fight back. Flight 93 was a dramatic example of how Americans (indeed all people) react in the face of danger. The WTC evacuation stories further attest to the cool courage people display in the face of danger. Citizens decide for themselves what their values and risks are, and they do so in the instant.
For the longer term, one effective means to minimize fear is education. One such perspective is to remember that terror kills far fewer people annually than do automobile accidents or preventable illnesses.
Gavin De Becker has written two books we recommend. His first, Gift of Fear, provides a commonsense blend of explanation, empathy, and reassurance regarding the individual criminal (read terrorist) threat. His second book, Fear Less, provides tons of practical reassuring advice in this age of terror. We paraphrase pieces of his second book here:
The most effective element of security on airplanes is low-tech—regular citizens, p19.
We have absorbed and accepted many dangers already, being shot or killed in traffic for example, after we do our best to avoid them. We can do it again with terrorism, p24.
Does it make sense to worry about things beyond our control, when it is the things we can control that are most likely to kill us? p47.
We are safer now than we were before 9/11. p51
Respect your intuition, it is telling you something, p5 & p53.
In responding to your intuition, look for the risk, not its absence. You want to know what has real terror potential, not what doesn't. No one can guarantee your safety, but only you can look for risks, p67.
Check the accuracy of information, it may be extraneous, out of context, and harmful—propaganda in effect, p109.
If you do encounter unsafe acts or unsafe conditions, take appropriate action, ch 7.
Be proactive in follow-up, p137-138.
Sort out the facts from the what-could-happens. Some politicians are particularly adept at using a "what-could-happen" to imply it surely will when in fact s/he actually has no clue, only an agenda, p144.
Focus on how to live, not on how to die, p154.
Remaining alert requires getting rest, p176.
If death is what you fear, then your perspective should be: drive carefully, eat a low-fat diet (predominantly vegetables, grains, nuts, and fruits) don't smoke, don't drink to excess, manage your weight, and exercise regularly, p 196.
(It also helps to form strong relationships with others.)
Children are a special concern; they are our present and our future, and they are impressionable. For more on how to talk to them, see: Talking to kids. Having little ready context, children are especially susceptible to dramatic news stories.
Developing perspective may be your best cognitive defense against psychological terror. Think about what is really happening in the context of all other happenings. Remember, you are multiples more likely to use what you know to help an accident victim or save yourself from assault than you are to encounter a direct terrorist threat. You are multiples more likely to be killed by an American criminal than you are by an Islamic terrorist. In either event you can be ready.
Another technique is to be your own person; think about the context of what you see or are told. What other sides or views might be possible? What is left unsaid? Remember too that most politicians are consummate propagandists; very very few show elements of statesmanship.
Finally, we live in an age of religious tension, especially among the three monotheistic systems. Each is being subverted. Becoming your own person may take some work. Being receptive helps. Engaging in Dialogue facilitates independent thinking.
Things you can do immediately may be found on our Counter Terror and Solutions pages. Our page on Hope provides some positive perspective for our lives and times. Read it carefully. Some of these can give you perspective and facilitate your response to an unexpected situation.
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God bless you
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بصيح→
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عموما اختاري اللي يعجبك
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Problems Posed by Terrorists and Their Allies
There are a number of difficulties with the war on terror. Few, if any, of these really have an easy answer.
Terrorists shelter within civilian populations to be opaque to their enemies and to make their enemies look bad when civilians get killed. To try to get at terrorists it is unavoidable that many innocent, and some very much less than innocent, civilians get in the way. This leads to the question "What is an innocent civilian?". And how do we separate the sheep from the wolves once we define what an innocent civilian is? You cannot send an unarmed London Bobby to tap Osama on the shoulder and say 'Please come to Scotland Yard Mr. Bin Laden Sir, we have a few questions!'.
Terrorists are not limited in the strategies and tactics they employ. Their extreme tactics have the effect of eventually causing an extreme response from their enemies, which they then exploit politically. How do you deal with organizations who deliberately create situations that causes instability and then exploits that situation?
Terrorist organizations are little bound by the rule of law. Wherever possible they use the rule of law to their advantage. Terrorist organizations are not generally held to the same rule-of-law standards they expect their enemies to follow. They crave legitimacy yet are not prepared to accept the rules that legitimacy requires.
Terrorist extremists are not interested in peace unless they come out on top. As long as there is war and chaos, they continue to flourish. One of the most difficult to counter tactics is when terrorists do things that leave their enemy little choice but to respond with force.
Some nations support and use terrorist organizations for their own purposes. This allows those nations a plausible deniability among some populations. While isolating the terrorists from their national supporters is the obvious answer, it is hard to do.
Most terrorists have far more patience than their enemies while most of the people of Western cultures are impatient and want immediate results. Historical forces are not so amenable to speed in the absence of overwhelming might.
Terrorists exploit weak governments or deliberately weaken them. In either case the terrorist organization becomes a cancer within the body of that nation drawing sustenance from it and, sometimes, even becoming its government.
Religious extremists are seldom swayed with the rule of law, logic, diplomacy, propaganda, economic assistance and other reasonable things.
Terrorists use targeted economic assistance for their supporters while preventing such support from being given to the broader population.
Terrorists use U.N. weakness and its apparent fear about being the target of violence. The U.N. withdraws if there is any violence directed at its representatives or its troops. U.N. Peacekeepers have been, and are, in places where terrorists operate with virtual impunity.
Peacekeeping forces, regardless of whose, are seldom if ever effective in the presence of armed antagonists who are still fighting.
Terrorists use many tactics to create division and discord within the enemy alliance and thus prevent a coherent response.
Even a definition of terrorism seems beyond the U.N. and the international community. One nation's terrorist enemy is another nation's freedom fighter or purveyor of foreign affairs.
In most modern wars, the vast majority of soldiers captured on the field of battle have been held until the war's end under several international agreements commonly called "The Geneva Convention". These agreements are legally binding on nation states. However the Geneva Convention does not recognize war with non-state terrorists. In this war on terror, likely to last for generations, you cannot very well hold the terrorists until it is over. Yet something has to be done with dangerous people captured on the field of battle. To hold captured terrorists under the Geneva Convention gives them a legitimacy they want, as if they were the soldiers of a state at war, yet there is little or no international law dealing with terrorist captives or the captives of terrorists. Terrorists and their supporters invariably demand that their people who are captives be treated correctly, yet they seldom reciprocate with correct treatment of their enemy captives. If terrorist organizations and their supporters want terrorist captives treated according to the Geneva Convention, they must be prepared to treat their captives the same way.
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