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The Effects of Media Violence on Children
Children who grew up With TV are usually the most ambivalent about it. They feel guilty about enjoying vulgar, exploitative, violent shows when they could be watching something more edifying like Masterpiece Theater. They recognize the seductive power of the medium.And yet, many parents who feel uneasy about TV also admit they use TV as a babysitter What kind of upbringing are children getting from their electronic nannies?
Children begin to notice and react to television very early. By the age of three, children will willingly watch a show designed for them 95% of the time and will imitate someone on television as readily as they will imitate a live person . The average time children spend watching television rises from about 2 1/2 hours per day at the age of five to about four hours a day at age twelve. During adolescence, average viewing time drops off to 2 to 3 hours a day,and Young children do not process information in the same way as adults. Nor do they have the experience or the judgment to evaluate what they see. For example, children between the ages of 6 and 10 may believe that most of what they see on TV is true to life. Since they watch a lot of TV, this makes them particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of television. The results of studies on the effects of televised violence are consistent. By watching aggression, children learn how to be aggressive in new ways and they also draw conclusions about whether being aggressive to others will bring them rewards .Those children who see TV characters getting what they want by hitting are more likely to strike out themselves in imitation. Even if the TV character has a so-called good reason for acting violently (as when a police officer is shown shooting down a criminal to protect others), this does not make young children less likely to imitate the aggressive act than when there is no good reason for the violence .In an important study carried out in Canada, children were found to have become significantly more aggressive two years after television was introduced to their town for the first time . Children who prefer violent television shows when they are young have been found to be more aggressive later on, and this may be associated with trouble with the law in adulthood . Strong identification with a violent TV character and believing that the TV situation is realistic are both associated with greater aggressiveness..Besides making children more likely to act aggressively, violence on television may have other harmful effects. First, it may lead children to accept more aggressive behavior in others. Second, it may make children more fearful as they come to believe that violence is as common in the real world as it is on television. The Role of Parents are important When there is an adult present who comments on the action of a TV show, children remember more and are, more likely to imitate what they have seen . Thus, watching TV with an adult may actually intensify the effect of television on children, whether this effect is positive or negative. Parents can serve as models of how to watch television, as gatekeepers allowing or denying access to the television, and as interpreters of the content of television. However, research has shown that most parents seldom intervene in their children's choices of TV shows, though it is true that when children and parents watch together, it is more likely to be a program the adults prefer . This can mean that children are exposed to violence in crime shows and news programs that the adults have chosen to watch.
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