بليز ساعدووني

الاسلام حول العالم
Islam Around the World
Islam is the fastest growing major religion in the world. After 11 September 2001, the faith's politics and radical groups are firmly under the microscope. We are going to look at a range of Muslim nations of the world and consider in what ways their politics and societies can be viewed as Islamic.
Uzbekistan
Population: Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox Christian 9%, other
3%
Islam and the state: Uzbekistan is officially a secular state. Like most of the region, it experienced an Islamic revival during the 1990s. Heavy control of Islamic institutions by the government has led to the emergence of unofficial Islamic groups opposed to the government. As part of the campaign in Afghanistan US forces have set up a base in Uzbekistan.
Radical Islam: The emergence of radical Islamist groups in Central Asia led to increased security fears in Uzbekistan. A series of bomb blasts in the capital in 1999 left over a dozen people dead. The leadership blamed Islamic extremists, ccusing them of seeking to kill President Karimov and destabilise the country. A crackdown followed with widespread reports of human rights abuses.
Saudi Arabia
Population: Sunni Muslim 95%, Shia Muslim 5%20
Islam and the state: Saudi Arabia has central role in the Islamic world because it is home to Mecca and Madinah, Islam's two holiest sites. Wahhabism, a conservative interpretation of Sunni Islam, has been a cornerstone of the royal family's legitimacy. Saudi Arabia practices a highly conservative interpretation of Sharia law. The kingdom is widely criticised for its human rights abuses.
Militant Islam: Osama Bin Laden was born into a prominent Saudi family. Fifteen of the 19 men suspected of carrying out the 11 September suicide attacks on New York and Washington were Saudis. The kingdom is currently facing a series of attacks from armed militants opposed to the Saudi royal family. Saudi officials say the attackers are linked to al-Qaeda. Wahhabism as taught in Saudi Arabia's universities and mosques has provided ideological backing for radical Islamic groups across the world. Saudi religious charities, so me linked to the government, have been found to provide funding for militant
Islamic groups.
United States of America:
Islam is one of the fastest-growing religions in the US. By the year 2010, America's Muslim population is expected to surpass the Jewish population, making Islam the country's second-largest faith after Christianity. There are currently about 6 million American Muslims. There are about 2,000 mosques in the US. Most American Muslims, 77.6%, are immigrants - 22.4% of American Muslims were born in the US.
Somalia
Population: Sunni Muslim 100%
Islam and the state: Somalia has been without an effective central government for much of the 1990s, after President Siad Barre was overthrown in 1991. Fighting between rival warlords and the inability to deal with famine and disease has led to the death of up to one million people. A transitional government set up in 2000 only controls parts of the capital.
Militant Islam: US officials believe a Somali-based Islamic group, al-Ittihad al-Islamiya, may have carried out attacks on Israeli tourists in the Kenyan city of Mombasa in November 2002. The US says the group has links to al-Qaeda. Somalia's largest company, the Barakat Bank, was shut down after being linked by the US to al-Qaeda.
Malaysia
Population:Muslim 53%, Buddhist 17%, Taoist 12%, Christian 8%, Hindu 8%, other 2% (approximate)
Islam and the state: Islam is the state religion in Malaysia. Federal government follows a policy of religious tolerance, but in practice, non-Muslims say they increasingly face discrimination at the hands of the state bureaucracy - such as restrictions on building non-Muslim places of worship. There are calls from Islamic groups for elements of Sharia law to be incorporated in
to state law.
Militant Islam: Malaysia has used its sweeping internal security laws to detain almost 100 people it accuses of belonging to groups including Jemaah Islamiah, the KMM (Malaysian Militant Group) and a near mystical militant sectal-Ma'unah (Brotherhood of Inner Power). Many of the leaders of JI including Hambali, Abu Bakar Ba'syir, Mohamad Iqbal and Mukhlas, taught at religious schools in Malaysia during the 1990s. Several of the most wanted militants from the region are either Malaysian or enjoyed permanent resident status there. There have been isolated incidents of arson attacks on temples and churches, however no firm links have been made to militant groups.
Islam is the fastest growing major religion in the world. After 11 September 2001, the faith's politics and radical groups are firmly under the microscope. We are going to look at a range of Muslim nations of the world and consider in what ways their politics and societies can be viewed as Islamic.
Albania
Population: Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox Christian 20%, Roman Catholic 10%
Islam and the state: In 1967 the communist authorities announced that all buildings of religious worship, including 2,169 churches, mosques, monasteries and other institutions, were to be closed and all religious practices banned. Religious practice was only made legal again in 1991. Under the 1998 constitution, there is no official religion in Albania.
Pakistan
Population: Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shia 20%), Christian, Hindu and other 3%
Islam and the state: The modern state of Pakistan was born as a Muslim state out of the partition of the Indian sub-continent in 1947. Tension persists with India over Kashmir. This has fuelled international fears of a regional arms race because both akistan and India have a nuclear capability. Pakistan is accused of backing Islamic groups fighting Indian forces in Kashmir. In recent years Islamic extremists have taken a greater role in fighting the Indian security forces. Pakistan also suffers from sectarian violence between Sunnis and Shias. There have also been a number of attacks on foreign and Christian targets for which radical Islamic groups are blamed.
Militant Islam: Pakistani security services had close ties to the Taleban rulers of Afghanistan before they were removed form power by an American-led campaign. Some Taleban and al-Qaeda members are believed to have sought refuge in north-western Pakistan. The border regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan have always been closely linked culturally and ethnically. President Pervez Musharraf has pledged to clamp down on Islamic extremism and propounds a vision of a tolerant, liberal Islamic state.
Sudan
Population: Sunni Muslim 70%, indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5%
Islam and the state: Sudan is governed by an Islamist government which came to power in 1989 after a military coup backed by the National Islamic Front. The country has been wracked by a 20-year civil war pitting the northern, Muslim government against rebels from the Christian and animist South. Negotiations to end to the war have not stopped the fighting and the famine that comes with it.
Militant Islam: Osama Bin Laden was based in Sudan during the late 1990s before he was asked to leave and moved to Afghanistan. The Islamist ideology that underpins the Khartoum government has led Sudan to offer shelter and support radical Islamic groups in the region. Since September 2001, Sudan has attempted to come out of international isolation by pursuing talks to end the war and by co-operating with US intelligence services on security issues.
Kosovo
Population: Approximately 92% Muslim (88% Albanian, 3% Muslim Slavs, 1% Turk), 6% Orthodox Serbs, 2% Roma. (Source: United Nations Mission on Kosovo).
Islam and the state: During and after the Nato takeover of Kosovo and the start of the UN administration in 1999, 360,000 non-Albanians left the province and about 200,000 Albanians settled from across the border in Albania.
Egypt
Population: 94% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 6% Coptic Christian and other
Islam and the state: Egypt is home to the al-Azhar Mosque and university, one of Sunni Islam's most important institutions. The judicial system is secular, but marriage and family law are primarily based on religious law, which for most Egyptians is Islamic Sharia Law. Civil rights groups say this area of the law and conservative social customs discriminate against and oppress women and the Coptic minority.
Militant Islam: Egypt's main radical groups are Gamaa Islamiya and Islamic Jihad. Both are on ceasefire. Part of Islamic Jihad is now closely tied to al-Qaeda. Human rights groups say the government has imprisoned thousands in its campaign against banned Islamic groups. The most popular religious group in Egypt, the Muslim Brotherood, is illegal as a party, though its activities are tolerated most of the itme because it does not advocate violence.
China
Population: Official figures say there are more than 20 million Muslims in China - about 1.5% of the population.
Islam and the state: There have been practicing Muslims in China since the 7th Century. Islam is an officially recognised and tolerated religion in China, with more than 30,000 mosques in the country. Nine of the country's 10 Muslim ethnic minorities originated from Central Asia. Most Muslims live in the far west of the country. The Muslim Uighyr minority in Xinjiang province has faced government repression in response to a several-decade long Uighyr campaign for an independent state.20
Militant Islam: An armed Uighyr separatist group, the East Turkestan Islamic Movement, has recently been put on the UN and US lists of terrorist groups. China blames it for several bomb attacks and says fighters have received training in al-Qaeda camps in Afghanistan. Human rights groups have voiced concern that China has been using the US-led war on terror to launch an unfair crackdown against Muslims in the Xinjiang region

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